Yiya kwi

Uqwalaselo lwe-Electron

Ukucwangciswa kwe-electron kubhalwe ngokufumana zonke ii-electron ze-athomu okanye i-ion kwi-orbitals okanye i-sublevels yamandla.

Khumbula ukuba kukho amanqanaba a-7 amandla: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 kunye no-7. Kwaye ngamnye kubo unamanqanaba ama-4 angaphantsi abizwa ngokuba ngu-s, p, d kunye no-f.

Ngaloo ndlela, inqanaba loku-1 liqulethe kuphela inqanaba elisezantsi; inqanaba lesi-2 liqulethe amanqanaba asezantsi e-syp; inqanaba 3 liqulathe amanqanaba asezantsi s, p kunye no-d; kunye nenqanaba lesi-4 ukuya ku-7 liqulathe amanqanaba asezantsi s, p, d kunye no-f.

Ubume be-electron

Uqwalaselo lwe-Elektroni The Uqwalaselo lwe-electron lweziqalelo lubonisa indlela ii-electron ezicwangciswe kumanqanaba amandla ahlukeneyo, oko kubizwa ngokuba zii-orbits, okanye ngokulula, iqalisa indlela ii-electron zisasazwa ngayo kwinucleus ye-athomu yazo.

Ukubala ukuhanjiswa kwee-electron kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla, ukucwangciswa kwe-Electron kuthatha iinombolo ze-quantum njengereferensi okanye zisebenzise nje ukusabalalisa. La manani asivumela ukuba sichaze amanqanaba amandla eelektroni okanye i-electron enye, aphinde achaze imilo ye-orbitals eyibonayo ekuhanjisweni kwee-electron kwindawo.

Itheyibhile yoqwalaselo lweNgxelo

Igama leNqakuumqondisoInani leatomicUmbane wezibalo
IActinium[Ac]891.1
ialuminiyam[Al]131.61
IAmerican[Am]951.3
IAntimony[Sb]512.05
I-Argon[Ar]18
Arsenic[As]332.18
I-Astatine[At]852.2
Barium[Ba]560.89
IBerkelium[Bk]971.3
Beryllium[Be]41.57
Bismuth[Bi]832.02
Bohrium[Bh]107
Boron[B]52.04
Ibromine[Br]352.96
Cadmium[Cd]481.69
ikhalsiyam[Ca]201
California[Cf]981.3
ICarbon[C]62.55
Cerium[Ce]581.12
I-Cesium[Cs]550.79
Chlorine[Cl]173.16
Chromium[Cr]241.66
Cobalt[Co]271.88
ubhedu[Cu]291.9
ICurium[Cm]961.3
eDarmstadtium[Ds]110
KwiDubnium[Db]105
Idysprosium[Dy]661.22
einsteinium[Es]991.3
I-Erbium[Er]681.24
I-Europium[Eu]63
IFermium[Fm]1001.3
Ifluorine[F]93.98
IFrancium[Fr]870.7
IGadolinium[Gd]641.2
Gallium[Ga]311.81
Germanium[Ge]322.01
igolide[Au]792.54
IHafnium[Hf]721.3
I-Hassium[Hs]108
Helium[He]2
IHolmium[Ho]671.23
Hydrogen[H]12.2
I-Indium[In]491.78
Iodine[I]532.66
Iridium[Ir]772.2
intsimbi[Fe]261.83
Krypton[Kr]363
ILanthanum[La]571.1
I-Lawrencium[Lr]103
Khokela[Pb]822.33
Lithium[Li]30.98
ILutetium[Lu]711.27
Magnesium[Mg]121.31
IManganese[Mn]251.55
IMeitnerium[Mt]109
Ukuqhubela phambili[Md]1011.3
Mercury[Hg]802
Molybdenum[Mo]422.16
Neodymium[Nd]601.14
Neon[Ne]10
Neptunium[Np]931.36
nickel[Ni]281.91
Niobium[Nb]411.6
Iitrogen[N]73.04
Indawo yaseNobelium[No]1021.3
Ndiyifumene[Uuo]118
Osmium[Os]762.2
Oxygen[O]83.44
mbala[Pd]462.2
ukumila[P]152.19
platinum[Pt]782.28
IPlutonium[Pu]941.28
Ipolonium[Po]842
Potassium[K]190.82
Ipraseodymium[Pr]591.13
Inkqubo[Pm]61
IProtactinium[Pa]911.5
IRadium[Ra]880.9
Radon[Rn]86
I-Rhenium[Re]751.9
Rhodium[Rh]452.28
I-Roentgenium[Rg]111
Irubidium[Rb]370.82
IRuthhenium[Ru]442.2
Rutherfordium[Rf]104
eSamarium[Sm]621.17
IScandium[Sc]211.36
Ulwandle[Sg]106
Selenium[Se]342.55
Silicon[Si]141.9
isilivere[Ag]471.93
Sodium[Na]110.93
Strontium[Sr]380.95
Sulfure[S]162.58
Tantalum[Ta]731.5
Itekhnoloji[Tc]431.9
ITellurium[Te]522.1
Terbium[Tb]65
I-Thallium[Tl]811.62
Thorium[Th]901.3
Thulium[Tm]691.25
Tin[Sn]501.96
Titanium[Ti]221.54
Tungsten[W]742.36
Ununbium[Uub]112
Ununhexium[Uuh]116
Ununpentium[Uup]115
Ununquadium[Uuq]114
Ununseptium[Uus]117
Ununtrium[Uut]113
Uranium[U]921.38
Vanadium[V]231.63
Xenon[Xe]542.6
Ytterbium[Yb]70
Yttrium[Y]391.22
Izinki[Zn]301.65
IZirconium[Zr]401.33

Eyona nto kujongwe kuyo!

Uqwalaselo lwento Uqwalaselo lwe-Electron, olukwabizwa ngokuba Ukuhanjiswa kwe-electron Is uhlengahlengiso lwamaxeshaiba yindlela ii-elektroni ezilawula ngayo ukuzimisa ngokwazo, zizilungelelanise kwaye zinxibelelane ngaphakathi kwe-athomu elandela imodeli yamaqokobhe e-Electron, apho yonke imisebenzi yamaza yenkqubo ibonakaliswa ngohlobo lwe-athomu.

Ngombulelo kwi-Electron configuration, kunokwenzeka ukuseka iipropati zokudibanisa ukusuka kwindawo yeekhemikhali ze-athomu, ngenxa yoko, kukuba indawo ehambelana nayo kwitheyibhile yeperiodic iyaziwa. Olu lungelelwaniso lubonisa ulandelelwano lwe-electron nganye kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla, okt kwii-orbits, okanye lubonisa ngokulula ukusasazwa kwazo kwinucleus ye-athomu.

Kutheni ulungelelwaniso lwe-electron lubalulekile?

Ukubaluleka koLungiso lwe-Electron Ngokwayo, i-Electron configuration iza ukubonisa indawo ehlala kuyo i-electron nganye kwimvulophu yenyukliya, ngaloo ndlela ichonga inqanaba lamandla ekuyo kunye nohlobo lwe-orbit. I Uqwalaselo lwe-electron Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwekhemikhali element ofuna ukufunda.

Okukhona i-electron isuka kwi-nucleus, iphezulu le nqanaba lamandla liya kuba. Xa ii-electron zikwinqanaba elifanayo lamandla, eli nqanaba lithatha igama le-orbitals yamandla. Ungajonga uqwalaselo lwe-Electron yazo zonke izinto usebenzisa itheyibhile evela ngasentla kwesi sicatshulwa semfundo.

Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Electron lweziqalelo lukwasebenzisa inombolo ye-atom yento efunyenwe ngetheyibhile yeperiodic. Kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-electron, ukuze ufunde esi sihloko esibalulekileyo ngokweenkcukacha.

Olu phawu lwenziwa ngokubulela kwiinombolo ezine ze-electron nganye inazo, ezizezi:

  • inani elinamandla elinamandla: ibonisa ukuqhelaniswa kwe-orbital apho i-electron ikhona.
  • inombolo yenqununu yenqununu: linqanaba lamandla apho i-electron ikhoyo.
  • Spin inombolo yequantum: ibhekisa kwi-spin ye-electron.
  • I-Azimuthal okanye inombolo yesibini ye-quantum: yi-orbit apho i-electron ikhoyo.
Iinjongo zoqwalaselo lwe-Electron.

Injongo ephambili yokucwangciswa kwe-electron kukucacisa umyalelo kunye nokusabalalisa amandla e-athomu, ngokukodwa ukuhanjiswa kwenqanaba lamandla kunye ne-sublevel.

Iintlobo zoqwalaselo lwe-Electron.

  • Uqwalaselo olungagqibekanga.  Iindidi zoLungiselelo lwe-Electron. Olu lungelelwaniso lwe-Electron lufezekiswa ngokubulela kwitheyibhile yee-diagonals, apha ii-orbitals zizaliswe njengoko zivela kwaye zihlala zilandela i-diagonals yetafile, zihlala ziqala nge-1.
  • Ubumbeko olwandisiweyo. Enkosi kolu lungelelwaniso, i-electron nganye ye-atom imelwe kusetyenziswa iintolo ukumela ijikelezo nganye. Kule meko, ukuzaliswa kwenziwa kuthathelwe ingqalelo umgaqo wobuninzi be-Hund kunye nomgaqo wokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kukaPauli.
  • ubumbeko olufinyeziweyo. Onke amanqanaba agcweleyo kuqwalaselo olusemgangathweni amelwe yirhasi enesidima, apho kukho imbalelwano phakathi kwenani le-athomu yegesi kunye nenani leelektroni ezizalise inqanaba lokugqibela. Ezi gesi zibalaseleyo zezi: He, Ar, Ne, Kr, Rn kunye neXe.
  • Ubumbeko olwandisiweyo kancinci. Kungumxube phakathi kobumbeko olwandisiweyo kunye noqwalaselo olufinyeziweyo. Kuyo, kuphela ii-electron zomgangatho wamandla wokugqibela zimelelwe.
Amanqaku aphambili okubhalwa kwe-electron configuration ye-athomu.
  • Kufuneka wazi inani elekhtroni ukuba iathom, kuba kufuneka wazi kuphela inani atomic yayo kuba eli lilingana nenani elektroni.
  • Beka ii-electron kwinqanaba ngalinye lamandla, uqale ngelona lisondeleyo.
  • Hlonipha amandla aphezulu kwinqanaba ngalinye.

Amanyathelo okufumana i-electron configuration ye-element

Amanyathelo okuFumana i-Electron Configuration ye-Element Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyazi linani leatom le elementi ekufuneka ifundwe, emelwe ngunobumba omkhulu uZ. Eli nani linokufumaneka kwiperiodic table, engqamana netotali yenani leeprotons ukuba iathom nganye yale elementi inazo. .

Kule meko, inani le-athomu kwi-periodic table lihlala liboniswa kwibhokisi ephezulu ekunene, umzekelo, kwimeko ye-hydrogen, iya kuba yinombolo 1 ebonwa kwindawo ephezulu yale bhokisi, ngelixa ubunzima bayo be-athomu. okanye inombolo ye-masico, yile evalelwe kwindawo ephezulu kodwa kwicala lasekhohlo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweli nani le-athomu kubangela ukuba uqwalaselo lwayo lumiselwe ngokusetyenziswa kwamanani omyinge kunye nokuhanjiswa okwahlukeneyo kwee-electron kwi-orbit.

Nantsi eminye imizekelo yoqwalaselo lwesiqalelo.
  • IHydrogen, inani layo leatom ngu-1, okt Z=1, ngoko ke, Z=1:1sa .
  • Potassium, inani layo leathom li-19, ngoko ke Z=19:1syabo2syabo2P63syabo3p64syabo3dShumi4pa.
Ukusasazwa kwe-electron.

Ihambelana nokusasazwa kwe-electron nganye kwi-orbitals kunye ne-sub-levels ye-athomu. Apha ukucwangciswa kwe-Electron kwezi zinto kulawulwa yi-diagram ye-Moeller.

Ukuze kumiselwe ukusasazwa kwe-Electron yento nganye, kuphela amanqaku kufuneka abhalwe ngokwedayagonali ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwaye ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo.

Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ngokobume be-Electron.

Zonke izinto zekhemikhali zihlelwa ngokwamaqela amane, ngala:

  • iigesi ezintle. Baye bagqiba i-electron orbit yabo kunye nee-electron ezisibhozo, ngaphandle kokubala Yena, enee-electron ezimbini.
  • izinto zotshintsho. Baneendlela zabo zokujikeleza ezimbini zokugqibela ezingagqitywanga.
  • Izinto zenguqu yangaphakathi. Ezi zineendlela zazo ezintathu zokugqibela ezingagqibekanga.
  • isiqalelo sommeli. Ezi zine-orbit yangaphandle engaphelelanga.

Ukusebenza kunye neMicimbi kunye neeNkomfa

Enkosi uqwalaselo Electron lweziqalelo, kuyenzeka ukwazi inani elekhtroni ukuba ii-athom kwi orbits zabo, nto leyo iba luncedo kakhulu xa kwakhiwa ionic, iibhondi covalent kunye nokwazi electrons valence, le yokugqibela ihambelana nenani electrons. ukuba iathom yento ethile ikwi-orbit yayo yokugqibela okanye iqokobhe.

Ubuninzi bezinto

Yonke into inobunzima kunye nomthamo., nangona kunjalo ubunzima bezinto ezahlukeneyo buthatha imiqulu eyahlukeneyo.

Eminye imixholo yokufunda

Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Elektroni (nge-29 ka-Epreli 2022) Uqwalaselo lwe-Electron. Ifunyenwe ukusuka https://electronconfiguration.net/.
"Uqwalaselo lweElektroni."Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Elektroni - ngo-Epreli 29, 2022, https://electronconfiguration.net/
Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Elektroni nge-20 ka-Epreli, ngo-2022 Uqwalaselo lweElektroni., ijongwe ngoAprili 29, 2022,https://electronconfiguration.net/>
Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Elektroni - Uqwalaselo lweElektroni. [I-Intanethi]. [Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 29, 2022]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://electronconfiguration.net/
"Uqwalaselo lweElektroni." Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Elektroni-Ifikeleleke nge-29 ka-Epreli 2022. https://electronconfiguration.net/
"Uqwalaselo lweElektroni." Ulungelelwaniso lwe-Electron [kwi-Intanethi]. Iyafumaneka: https://electronconfiguration.net/. [Ifikelelwe: ngo-Epreli 29, 2022]
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