It is sometimes found in ponds or springs, but is usually found underground when drilling wells. It was previously known as mineral oil or rock oil, but today unrefined it is called crude oil.
The so-called “black gold” forms in a very similar way to coal, the difference between the two is that, while the first only needs a million years to form, the second requires millions of years to do so. It is much cleaner than coal. Many of the products and items used at that time were derived from this non-renewable resource. Globally, it is a major source of energy.
Oil is one of the most direct causes of economic growth and dramatically improves the human condition. However, due to its CO2 emissions, it is also considered one of the greatest pollutants that exist, since it can cause serious damage to the health of living beings, such as the skin, and is capable of generating complications. important in the environment, for example, by contaminating natural resources such as soil or rivers.
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Use of oil
In the modern world, oil is of great importance. Among its main uses are:
energy consumption.
- In specific transport fuels.
- In industry.
- In homes, to generate power.
- In agriculture.
Uses in raw materials for the basic petrochemical industry.
- Paintings.
- Textile fibers.
- Gloves.
- Insecticides.
- Acrylics.
- Detergents.
- Plastics.
- Among others.
Uses in specialty products.
- Products for industrial use.
- Asphalts.
- Carrier fats.
- lubricants
Mining machinery
Currently, to find oil, we mainly use the tape recorder, which measures the differences in magnetic traction of the earth; the seismograph which uses sound waves to find deposits underground; and the tape recorder, which is based on the fact that the gravitational pull of rocks that contain liquid is different from those that don’t.
oil producing countries
Currently, the largest reserves of this resource are in Iraq and Iran, Arabia Ligero in Saudi Arabia, Fateh in Dubai, Saharan Blend in Algeria, Tía Juana light in Venezuela, Bonny Ligero in Nigeria, Merey in Venezuela and in the Gulf from Mexico. .
In 1972 experts predicted that the oil would run out in about 20 years and in the late 1980s this group predicted that by the late 1980s that liquid would no longer exist, but either way , the hypotheses failed. Advances in technology allow oil companies to extract crude oil from depths of a thousand meters. .banner-1-multi-104{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:0px!important;margin-right :0px!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important;}
Some specialists assume that easy to find and cheap oil has already been consumed and finding it will be much more difficult, however, according to others, the supply of this liquid on earth will be exhausted in about 140 years.
Oil constitutes about 2.5% of the gross domestic product of the world economy and a third of the primary energy supply used by humanity.
Classification of oil
Oil is classified in the industry according to the place of origin, such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), which is American crude, Brent crude, which is the benchmark in the European market, is obtained from fields tankers located in the North Sea. , the most exploited reference. There is also the Dubai/Oman, although there are other smaller varieties in which investments can also be made.
Black gold is also classified by the American Petroleum Institute based on its API gravity as:
- Heavy.
- Very heavy.
- Medium or average.
- Light or light.
In addition, refiners separate it into “sour crude”, which is the one that has a large amount of sulfur and requires more operation for its refining to meet current usage demands, and “sweet crude”, which is the reverse. , contains a low sulfur content.
Reference raw materials
- Dubai is used for the production of crude oil from the Asia-Pacific region.
- In the case of Far East Light Crude Oil, Mat Malaysia is used as a benchmark.
- For heavy crude oil from the Far East, Minas de Indonesia is used as the benchmark.
