Zvashandiswa kugutsikana

Electron Kugadzirisa

Iyo electron configuration inonyorwa nekutsvaga maerekitironi ese eatomu kana ion mu orbitals yavo kana simba sublevels.

Yeuka kuti kune 7 simba mazinga: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 uye 7. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo ane, zvakare, kusvika ku 4 simba re-sub-levels anonzi s, p, d uye f.

Saka, level 1 chete ine sublevel s; level 2 ine syp sublevels; nhanho 3 ine mazinga madiki s, p uye d; uye nhanho 4 kusvika 7 ine sublevels s, p, d uye f.

Iyo electron configuration

Iyo Electron Configuration The electron kugadzirisa zvezvinhu zvinoratidza nzira iyo maerekitironi anorongedzerwa mumatanho esimba akasiyana, anonzi maobhiti, kana kungoti, inotanga nzira iyo maerekitironi anogoverwa akapoteredza nucleus yeatomu yavo.

Kuti uverenge kugoverwa kwemaerekitironi mumatanho emagetsi akasiyana, iyo Electron configuration inotora nhamba dzehuwandu sereferensi kana kungodzishandisa pakugovera. Nhamba idzi dzinotibvumira kutsanangura mwero wesimba remaerekitironi kana erekitironi rimwe chete, dzinotsanangurawo maumbirwo emaobiti aanoona pakugovanwa kwemaerekitironi muchadenga.

Element Configuration Table

Element ZitachiratidzoAtomic NhambaElectronegativity
Actinium[Ac]891.1
aruminiyamu[Al]131.61
Americium[Am]951.3
Antimony[Sb]512.05
argon[Ar]18
Arsenic[As]332.18
Astatine[At]852.2
Barium[Ba]560.89
Berkelium[Bk]971.3
Beryllium[Be]41.57
Bismuth[Bi]832.02
Bohrium[Bh]107
Boron[B]52.04
Bromine[Br]352.96
Cadmium[Cd]481.69
karusiyamu[Ca]201
California[Cf]981.3
kabhoni[C]62.55
Cerium[Ce]581.12
cesium[Cs]550.79
Chlorine[Cl]173.16
chromium[Cr]241.66
Cobalt[Co]271.88
mhangura[Cu]291.9
Curium[Cm]961.3
Darmstadtium[Ds]110
Dubnium[Db]105
Dysprosium[Dy]661.22
einsteinium[Es]991.3
Erbium[Er]681.24
Europium[Eu]63
fermium[Fm]1001.3
Fluorite[F]93.98
Francium[Fr]870.7
Gadolinium[Gd]641.2
Galiyo[Ga]311.81
Germanium[Ge]322.01
goridhe[Au]792.54
Hafnium[Hf]721.3
Hassium[Hs]108
nehelium[He]2
Holmium[Ho]671.23
Hydrogen[H]12.2
Indium[In]491.78
Iodine[I]532.66
Iridium[Ir]772.2
simbi[Fe]261.83
krypton[Kr]363
Lanthanum[La]571.1
Lawrencium[Lr]103
Tungamira[Pb]822.33
Lithium[Li]30.98
Lutetium[Lu]711.27
Magnesium[Mg]121.31
Manganese[Mn]251.55
Meitnerium[Mt]109
Mendelevium[Md]1011.3
Mercury[Hg]802
Molybdenum[Mo]422.16
Neodymium[Nd]601.14
Neon[Ne]10
Neptunium[Np]931.36
nickel[Ni]281.91
Niobium[Nb]411.6
Nitrogen[N]73.04
Nobelium[No]1021.3
Oganesson[Uuo]118
Osmium[Os]762.2
Oxygen[O]83.44
palladium[Pd]462.2
Phosphorus[P]152.19
Platinum[Pt]782.28
Plutonium[Pu]941.28
Polonium[Po]842
Potassium[K]190.82
Praseodymium[Pr]591.13
Prformum[Pm]61
Protactinium[Pa]911.5
radium[Ra]880.9
Radon[Rn]86
Rhenium[Re]751.9
Rhodium[Rh]452.28
Roentgenium[Rg]111
Rubidium[Rb]370.82
Ruthenium[Ru]442.2
Rutherfordium[Rf]104
Samarium[Sm]621.17
scandium[Sc]211.36
Seaborgium[Sg]106
Selenium[Se]342.55
Silicon[Si]141.9
sirivha[Ag]471.93
Sodium[Na]110.93
Strontium[Sr]380.95
Sulfur[S]162.58
Tantalum[Ta]731.5
Technetium[Tc]431.9
Tellurium[Te]522.1
Terbium[Tb]65
Thallium[Tl]811.62
Thorium[Th]901.3
Thulium[Tm]691.25
Tin[Sn]501.96
Titanium[Ti]221.54
Tungsten[W]742.36
Ununbium[Uub]112
Ununhexium[Uuh]116
Ununpentium[Uup]115
Unuquadium[Uuq]114
Ununseptium[Uus]117
Ununtrium[Uut]113
Uranium[U]921.38
Vanadium[V]231.63
Xenon[Xe]542.6
Ytterbium[Yb]70
Yttrium[Y]391.22
zen'e[Zn]301.65
Zirconium[Zr]401.33

Izvo zvakanyanya kubvunzwa zvinhu!

Item Config Iyo Electron kumisikidza, inonziwo Electron distribution Is periodic kugadzirisainova nzira iyo maerekitironi anokwanisa kuzvironga, kuzvironga uye kutaurirana mukati meatomu achitevera muenzaniso weElectron shells, uko mabasa ese emasaisai ehurongwa anoratidzwa nenzira yeatomu.

Nekuda kweiyo Electron kumisikidzwa, zvinokwanisika kumisikidza zvimiro zvemusanganiswa kubva kune kemikari poindi yeatomu, nekuda kweizvi, ndeyekuti iyo nzvimbo inoenderana nayo muperiodic tafura inozivikanwa. Kumisikidzwa uku kunoratidza kurongeka kweerekitironi rimwe nerimwe mumatanho esimba akasiyana, kureva mumikoto, kana kuti zvinongotaridza kugovaniswa kwadzo kwakatenderedza nucleus yeatomu.

Sei electron configuration yakakosha?

Kukosha KweErekitironi Configuration Iyo pachayo, iyo Electron configuration inouya kuzoratidza nzvimbo iyo erekitironi imwe neimwe inogara muhamvuropu yenyukireya, nokudaro ichizivisa chiyero chesimba mairi uye rudzi rwekutenderera. The electron kugadzirisa Izvo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemakemikari element yaunoda kudzidza.

Kana elekitironi richienda kure kubva mugotsi, ndiko kuwedzera kwesimba iri. Kana maerekitironi ari muchikamu chesimba rimwe chete, nhanho iyi inotora zita remagetsi orbitals. Unogona kutarisa kumisikidzwa kweElectron yezvinhu zvese uchishandisa tafura inooneka pamusoro pechinyorwa chedzidzo ichi.

Iyo Electron kumisikidza yezvinhu zvakare inoshandisa nhamba yeatomu yechinhu chinowanikwa kuburikidza neperiodic tafura. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti electron chii, kuti udzidze nyaya iyi inokosha zvakadzama.

Kuzivikanwa uku kunoitwa nekuda kwenhamba ina dze quantum ine erekitironi yega yega, dzinoti:

  • magnetic nhamba yakawanda: inoratidza kutaridzika kweiyo orbital mune iyo erekitironi.
  • nhamba huru yehuwandu: ndiyo nhanho yesimba umo maerekitironi aripo.
  • Spin yakawanda nhamba: inoreva kutenderera kwerekitironi.
  • Azimuthal kana yechipiri quantum nhamba: ndiyo orbit imo mune elekitironi.
Zvinangwa zveElectron kumisikidza.

Chinangwa chikuru chekugadzirisa maerekitironi ndechekujekesa kurongeka uye kugoverwa kwesimba kwemaatomu, kunyanya kugoverwa kwesimba rega rega uye sublevel.

Mhando dzeErekitironi kumisikidza.

  • Default kugadzirisa.  Mhando dzeErekitironi Configuration. Iyi Electron kumisikidzwa inowanikwa nekuda kwetafura ye diagonals, pano orbitals inozadzwa sezvainooneka uye inogara ichitevera diagonals etafura, nguva dzose kutanga ne1.
  • Expanded configuration. Nekuda kwekugadzirisa uku, maerekitironi ega ega eatomu anomiririrwa achishandisa miseve kumiririra kutenderera kwechimwe nechimwe. Muchiitiko ichi, kuzadza kunoitwa uchifunga nezve Hund's maximum multiplicity mutemo uye yaPauli yekusabvisa musimboti.
  • condensed configuration. Matanho ese anove akazara mukumisikidzwa kwechiyero anomiririrwa negasi rakanaka, apo pane kunyorerana pakati penhamba yeatomu yegasi uye nhamba yemaerekitironi yakazadza chinhanho chekupedzisira. Aya magasi akanaka ndeaya: Iye, Ar, Ne, Kr, Rn uye Xe.
  • Semi-yakawedzerwa configuration. Iko kusanganiswa pakati peiyo yakawedzera gadziriso uye yakapfupikiswa gadziriso. Mariri, maerekitironi ekupedzisira kwesimba remagetsi anomiririrwa.
Mapoinzi akakosha ekunyora ma electron configuration yeatomu.
  • Iwe unofanirwa kuziva huwandu hwemaerekitironi ane atomu, nekuda kwaizvozvo iwe unongofanira kuziva nhamba yeatomu yayo sezvo iyi yakaenzana nenhamba yemaerekitironi.
  • Isa maerekitironi mune imwe neimwe nhanho yesimba, kutanga nepedyo.
  • Remekedza huwandu hwepamusoro hwenhanho imwe neimwe.

Matanho ekuwana electron configuration yechinhu

Matanho Ekuwana Iyo Electron Configuration yeElement Chekutanga kuziva inhamba yeatomu yechinhu chichadzidzwa, chinomiririrwa nebhii guru Z. Nhamba iyi inogona kuwanikwa muperiodic table, inofambirana nenhamba yese yemapurotoni ane atomu imwe neimwe yechinhu chataurwa. .

Panyaya iyi, nhamba yeatomu mutafura ye periodic inogara ichiratidzwa mubhokisi repamusoro rekurudyi, semuenzaniso, kana iri hydrogen, ichava nhamba 1 inocherechedzwa kumusoro kwebhokisi iri, nepo huremu hwayo hweatomu. kana masico nhamba, ndiyo yakavharirwa nechepamusoro asi kuruboshwe.

Kushandiswa kwenhamba yeatomu iyi kunoita kuti magadzirirwo ayo aonekwe kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwenhamba dze quantum uye kugovaniswa kwema electrons mu orbit.

Heano mimwe mienzaniso yekumisikidzwa kwezvinhu.
  • Hydrogen, nhamba yeatomiki yayo i1, kureva Z=1, saka, Z=1:1sa .
  • Potassium, nhamba yayo yeatomiki i19, saka Z=19: 1swavo2swavo2P63swavo3p64swavo3dgumi4pa.
Kuparadzirwa kweelectronic.

Inofambirana nekugoverwa kweimwe neimwe yemaerekitironi mune orbitals uye madiki-mazinga eatomu. Pano iyo Electron kumisikidzwa kwezvinhu izvi inotongwa neMoeller diagram.

Kuti uone kugoverwa kweElectron yechinhu chimwe nechimwe, zvinyorwa chete ndizvo zvinofanirwa kunyorwa diagonally kutanga kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi uye kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe.

Kurongwa kwezvinhu zvinoenderana neElectron kumisikidza.

Zvese zvemakemikari zvinhu zvinoiswa mumapoka mana, iwo ari:

  • magasi akanaka. Vakapedza electron orbit yavo nemaerekitironi masere, tisingaverenge Iye, ane maerekitironi maviri.
  • shanduko zvinhu. Vane nzira dzavo mbiri dzekupedzisira dzisina kukwana.
  • Internal shanduko zvinhu. Idzi dzine nzira dzadzo nhatu dzekupedzisira dzisina kukwana.
  • mumiririri chinhu. Idzi dzine nzira yekunze isina kukwana.

Kushanda neElements uye Masanganiswa

Nekuda kweErekitironi kumisikidzwa kwezvinhu, zvinogoneka kuziva huwandu hwemaerekitironi ayo maatomu anawo munzira dzawo, izvo zvinova zvakakosha pakuvaka ionic, covalent zvisungo uye kuziva maerekitironi evalence, iyi yekupedzisira inoenderana nehuwandu hwemaerekitironi. kuti atomu rechimwe chinhu rine mupoteredzwa wayo wekupedzisira kana goko.

Desnity of Elements

Zvese zvinhu zvine huremu uye huwandu., zvisinei huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana hunotora mavhoriyamu akasiyana.

Mimwe misoro yezvidzidzo

Electron Configuration (Kubvumbi 29, 2022) Electron Kugadzirisa. Yakadzorerwa kubva https://electronconfiguration.net/.
"Electron Configuration." Electron Configuration - Kubvumbi 29, 2022, https://electronconfiguration.net/
Electron Configuration Kubvumbi 20, 2022 Electron Configuration., yakaonekwa Kubvumbi 29, 2022,https://electronconfiguration.net/>
Electron Configuration - Electron Configuration. [Internet]. [Yakasvika Kubvumbi 29, 2022]. Inowanikwa kubva: https://electronconfiguration.net/
"Electron Configuration." Electron Configuration - Yakasvika Kubvumbi 29, 2022. https://electronconfiguration.net/
"Electron Configuration." Electron Configuration [Pamhepo]. Inowanikwa: https://electronconfiguration.net/. [Yakasvika: Kubvumbi 29, 2022]
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