Rutherfordium is named after the British physicist and scientist who collaborated on the atomic model and nuclear physics Ernest Rutherford.
Contents
Rutherfordium electron configuration
Its electrons per shell are: 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 as follows: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f14 6d2 7s2
discovery of rutherfordium
The year 1964 was the first time rutherfordium was synthesized at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. To synthesize, the researchers bombarded a plutonium-242 target with neon-22 ions.
In 1969, it was definitively synthesized by researchers at the University of California at Berkeley who bombarded californium -249 with carbon-12 ions.
isotopes
Since Rutherfordium is not a naturally occurring element but is produced, neither are its isotopes.
So far, several radioactive isotopes have been synthesized in the laboratory, reporting the existence of 16 different isotopes with atomic masses between 253 and 270, either originating from the fusion of two atoms, or by the decay of heavier elements. ; the atomic masses are variable for the 264 and 270 isotopes. Most rutherfordium isotopes decay by spontaneous fusion pathways.
The isotopes of rutherfordium are:
- 253 Rf, discovered in 1994.
- 254 Rf, discovered in 1994.
- 255 Rf, discovered in 1974.
- 256 Rf, discovered in 1974.
- RF from 1957, discovered in 1969.
- The 257m RF, discovered in 1969, to all of:
- 258 RF
- 259 RF
- 259m RF
- 260 RF
- 261 Rf discovered in 1970.
- 261m Rf, discovered in 2001.
- 262 Rf, discovered in 1996.
- 263 Rf, discovered in 1999.
- 263m Rf, discovered in 1999.
- 265 Rf, discovered in 2010.
- 266 RF
- 267 Rf, discovered in 2004.
- 268 RF
- 270 RF.
isotope lifetime
Of the isotopes whose half-lives are known so far, the lightest isotopes turn out to be the most prone to a short half-life type.
Isotopes have been observed to have a half-life of less than μs, such as 253Rf and 254Rf. Although on the other hand we also find the 258 Rf and 260 Rf isotopes which have a more stable lifetime of about 10 minutes.
In general, the heaviest isotopes are the most stable, we find in this line the isotope 267 Rf with a half-life of about 1.3 hours.
Characteristics of Rutherfordium
physical and atomic
- The original state of rutherfordium under normal conditions is unknown, but it is expected to be strong.
- It is assumed to be a common metal with a density of around 23.2 g/cm3, therefore it is believed to be very heavy.
- It belongs to the group of transition metals.
- It belongs to the titanium family.
- It is a metal, radioactive and synthetic.
- In its gas phase, exhibiting more covalent bonds, rutherfordium chloride is more volatile than hafnium chloride, thought to be its lighter counterpart.
- It has an atomic mass of 261u.
chemical products
- Its properties are similar to those presented in group 4.
- In our periodic table, we find it with the Rf symbology, located at number 104 of our periodic table corresponding to its atomic number.
- It corresponds to period 7, block d and group 4.
- When calculating its atomic radius, orbital energies, ionization potentials, and ground levels, it was concluded that the states that this element exhibits regarding its ionization are very similar to those of hafnium.
Applications of rutherfordium
Rutherfordium is a very unstable element, remember that it is a transfermium and its use is only for carrying out scientific studies, at least until today.
Damage to health and the environment
Since it is an unstable element and the amount used by each formation decomposes, so far the damage it may cause to human health and the environment has not been studied, but it caution is recommended when using it. Object.
So far studying my chemical minds today, I hope the information is helpful. Goodbye!
