This element, like all transuranics, can only be produced in a particle accelerator by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles.
Contents
Lawrencium Electron Configuration
Lawrencium isotopes
- 252Lr discovered in 2001.
- 253Lrg discovered in 1985.
- 253Lrm discovered in 2001.
- 253Lr discovered in 1985.
- 255Lr discovered in 1970.
- 256 Lr which we still wonder if it was discovered before 1971, but it is the one on which we have the most information.
- 257Lr discovered in 1971 and with unknowns around 1958.
- 258Lr discovered in 1971.
- 259Lr in 1971.
- 260Lr in 1971.
- 261Lr in 1987.
- 262Lr in 1987.
All of these isotopes are radioactive. The most stable is 266 Lr with a half-life of 11 hours, and 260 Lr stands out with the shortest half-life with a time of 2.7 minutes.
Generally, for chemical experiments, the most used isotopes are those with a short life, in the case of 266 Lr it can only be produced as the end product of a disintegration, for elements that are difficult to synthesize and heavy.
Discovery
Lawrencium was first synthesized on February 14, 1961, by the nuclear physics team at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, formerly known as Lawrence Radiation Laboratory; the team that was able to synthesize it was composed of: Albert Ghiorso, Almon Larsh, Robert M. Latimer, Torbjørn Sikkeland and their collaborators.
According to data collected from Wikipedia, the first atoms of this element were produced by bombarding a three millimeter target from a heavy ion linear accelerator; the target was composed of three californium isotopes 10B and 11B.
In 1970, Lawrencium was recognized as the last actinide and in 1971 a series of experiments aimed at measuring the nuclear decay properties of isotopes of mass 255 to 260 corresponding to element 103 were successfully carried out by the physics team. nuclear power from the University of California. in Berkeley.
A year later, nuclear physics teams from Berkeley and Dubná were recognized as co-discoverers of this element by the IUPAC trans-fermium team.
Denomination
Lawrencium is named after nuclear physicist Ernest O. Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a particle accelerator used for the discovery of man-made radioactive elements.
Characteristic
physical
- In the periodic table, it is found to the right of Nobelium, to the left of Rutherfordium and below Lutetium, an element with which it shares many physical and chemical properties.
- Lawrencium is the last element of the actinides.
- Sometimes it can be considered a group 3 element, along with yttrium, lutetium, and scandium.
- Under normal conditions, lawrencium should be a solid and should adopt a crystal structure similar to that of lutetium, which is experimentally unknown.
- This element should be a trivalent silver metal, easily oxidized by acids, steam and air. It is also expected to be a heavy metal with a density between 15.6 and 16.6 g/cm3.
- A melting point not far from the value of lutetium, of 1900K (16270 C), is predicted.
chemical products
steps
gas phase
- In 1969, the first gas-phase studies of lawrencium in the Soviet Union were reported by the nuclear physics team of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.
- This team produced lawrencium nuclei by nuclear reaction, which they then exposed to a stream of chlorine gas, forming a volatile chloride product, thus confirming that lawrencium was an actinide element.
Aqueous phase
The first reported studies of this element took place in 1970 with which they were able to demonstrate that lawrencium forms a trivalent ion.
solid phase
Atomic
Three of the 103 electrons belonging to a Lawrencium atom can act as valence electrons.
The final conclusion on your setup is 5f14 7s27p1. Its electrons per level are 2, 8, 32, 32, 8.3, shown below:
